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CsdLean4.LF4.ObservableCorrespondenceN

LF4 §14: observable correspondence for general self-adjoint observables (general N) #

Category: 3-Local (LF4 §14 discharge — the general-N, all-eigenvalue observable correspondence for arbitrary self-adjoint observables).

This module discharges the §14 observable-correspondence obligation for every finite-dimensional self-adjoint observable on Σ = ℂℙ^{N-1}, at general N and for every real eigenvalue vector — the general lift of LF4/SingleQubitKahler.lean's single-qubit projector result sg_observable_correspondence. It is built in two layers: first for observables diagonal in the reference basis, then for arbitrary self-adjoint observables via spectral unitary transport of the state.

What §14 means, and what is discharged here #

The §14 obligation (see BRIDGE-OBLIGATIONS.md, LF4-todo §14) asks that each self-adjoint Hilbert observable arise as the lift of a measurable Σ-valued function whose Σ-average is the Hilbert expectation. For a diagonal observable this is delivered here:

Scope (honest) #

All finite-dimensional self-adjoint observables are now covered. For the diagonal case the ontic regions realise the standard-basis projectors |e_k⟩⟨e_k|; the general case handles an arbitrary eigenbasis by transporting the state through the spectral unitary (φ = Uᴴ ψ), so the same Born regions of φ do the work — no separate §13 Σ-flow machinery is needed. The genericity hypothesis hpos (no vanishing amplitude of the relevant state — for the general case, ψ has nonzero overlap with every eigenvector of A) is the same one carried by fs_born_volume_ratio_N (it makes each barycentric region a homeomorphic image of the open simplex). This module builds axiom-free (foundational triple), carving-free, Gleason-free.

References: LF4/MomentBornN.lean (fs_born_volume_ratio_N, fs_born_volume_ratio_N_apex, ratioN, momentMap, replaceMap, apexLin, openSimplexFree); LF4/SingleQubitKahler.lean (sg_observable_correspondence, the single-qubit projector precursor); specs/LF4-todo.md §14; specs/future-work.md; BRIDGE-OBLIGATIONS.md (the §14 bundle fields).

theorem CSD.LF4.toEuclideanLin_diagonal_apply {M : } (d : Fin (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (k : Fin (M + 1)) :

The k-th coordinate of toEuclideanLin (diagonal d) ψ is d k * ψ k.

theorem CSD.LF4.diag_expectation {M : } (lam : Fin (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) :
inner ψ ((Matrix.toEuclideanLin (Matrix.diagonal fun (k : Fin (M + 1)) => (lam k))) ψ) = k : Fin (M + 1), (lam k) * ↑(inner (EuclideanSpace.single k 1) ψ ^ 2)

The Hilbert side of §14 for a diagonal observable. For a real eigenvalue vector lam and any ψ, the expectation of the diagonal matrix diagonal (lam ·) in the state ψ is the lam-weighted sum of the coordinate Born weights ‖⟨e_k, ψ⟩‖².

noncomputable def CSD.LF4.bornVecN {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) :
Fin M

The free Born vector of ψ (the moment-ratio coordinates of [ψ]).

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    noncomputable def CSD.LF4.bornSimplexRegion {M : } (b : Fin M) (k : Fin (M + 1)) :
    Set (Fin M)

    The per-basis-index simplex Born region: the free replaceMap image for a castSucc coordinate, the affine apex image for the last coordinate.

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      noncomputable def CSD.LF4.bornRegionN {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) :
      Fin (M + 1)Set (CPN (M + 1))

      The ontic Born region on Σ = ℂℙ^{N-1} for basis index k: the moment-ratio preimage of bornSimplexRegion. Its Fubini–Study measure is the Born weight ‖⟨e_k, ψ⟩‖² (fsMeasure_bornRegionN).

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        theorem CSD.LF4.fsMeasure_bornRegionN {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) ψ ^ 2) (k : Fin (M + 1)) :

        The ontic side of §14 for basis projectors (general N). The Fubini–Study measure of the Born region for basis index k is exactly the Born weight ‖⟨e_k, ψ⟩‖². Unifies fs_born_volume_ratio_N (free coordinates) and fs_born_volume_ratio_N_apex (apex) via Fin.lastCases.

        theorem CSD.LF4.observable_correspondence_diagonal {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) ψ ^ 2) (lam : Fin (M + 1)) :
        inner ψ ((Matrix.toEuclideanLin (Matrix.diagonal fun (k : Fin (M + 1)) => (lam k))) ψ) = (∑ k : Fin (M + 1), lam k * ((Matrix.UnitaryGroup.fubiniStudyMeasure p₀) (bornRegionN ψ hψ0 k)).toReal)

        §14 observable correspondence for a diagonal observable (general N). The Hilbert expectation of the diagonal self-adjoint observable A = diagonal (lam ·) in the state ψ is the eigenvalue-weighted sum of the Fubini–Study volumes of the ontic Born regions: ⟨ψ, A ψ⟩ = ∑ₖ lam k · vol(Rₖ), where Rₖ = bornRegionN ψ k is the moment-sublevel region on Σ = ℂℙ^{N-1} whose volume is the Born weight ‖⟨e_k, ψ⟩‖². This realises each diagonal observable as (the average over Σ of) the eigenvalue-weighted indicator sum ∑ₖ lam k · 𝟙_{Rₖ} — the general-N, all-eigenvalue analogue of the single-qubit sg_observable_correspondence. Foundational triple; carving-free, Gleason-free.

        The integral form: A_ontic as an explicit measurable Σ-function #

        theorem CSD.LF4.bornVecN_apply {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (i : Fin M) :

        The i-th free Born coordinate is the Born weight at castSucc i.

        theorem CSD.LF4.one_sub_sum_bornVecN {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) :
        1 - i : Fin M, bornVecN ψ hψ0 i = inner (EuclideanSpace.single (Fin.last M) 1) ψ ^ 2

        The apex Born weight: 1 − ∑ᵢ bᵢ = ‖⟨e_last, ψ⟩‖².

        theorem CSD.LF4.bornRegionN_measurableSet {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) ψ ^ 2) (k : Fin (M + 1)) :

        Each ontic Born region is measurable (an open-image moment-ratio preimage; the moment map is measurable and each simplex Born region is an open set, being the image of the open simplex under a determinant-≠ 0 affine map).

        noncomputable def CSD.LF4.aOntic {M : } (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) (lam : Fin (M + 1)) :
        CPN (M + 1)

        The ontic observable realising a diagonal Hilbert observable: the eigenvalue-weighted sum of the Born-region indicators, A_ontic = ∑ₖ lam k · 𝟙_{Rₖ} — a measurable simple function on Σ = ℂℙ^{N-1}.

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          theorem CSD.LF4.integral_aOntic {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) ψ ^ 2) (lam : Fin (M + 1)) :

          The Σ-average of A_ontic is the weighted Born-volume sum (finite additivity of the integral over the eigenvalue-weighted indicators, each integrable since μ_FS is a probability measure and each region is measurable).

          theorem CSD.LF4.observable_correspondence_diagonal_integral {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) (hψ0 : ψ 0) ( : ψ = 1) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) ψ ^ 2) (lam : Fin (M + 1)) :
          inner ψ ((Matrix.toEuclideanLin (Matrix.diagonal fun (k : Fin (M + 1)) => (lam k))) ψ) = ( (p : Projectivization (EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1)))), aOntic ψ hψ0 lam p Matrix.UnitaryGroup.fubiniStudyMeasure p₀)

          §14 observable correspondence, integral form (general N, diagonal observables). The Hilbert expectation of the diagonal observable diagonal (lam ·) equals the Fubini–Study Σ-average of the ontic observable A_ontic = ∑ₖ lam k · 𝟙_{Rₖ}. This is the canonical §14 statement — ⟨ψ, A ψ⟩ = ∫ A_ontic dμ_FS, with A_ontic an explicit measurable Σ-function — of which observable_correspondence_diagonal is the pointwise-volume form. Foundational triple.

          Non-diagonal (general self-adjoint) observables, via spectral unitary transport #

          theorem CSD.LF4.inner_toEuclideanLin_eq_dotProduct {M : } (Mat : Matrix (Fin (M + 1)) (Fin (M + 1)) ) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) :

          ⟨ψ, toEuclideanLin M ψ⟩ as a matrix quadratic form.

          theorem CSD.LF4.mulVec_dotProduct_star_conj {M : } (U : Matrix (Fin (M + 1)) (Fin (M + 1)) ) (w v : Fin (M + 1)) :

          The unitary adjoint move. (U *ᵥ w) ⬝ᵥ star v = w ⬝ᵥ star (star U *ᵥ v).

          Expectation transport under the spectral unitary. For a Hermitian A, its Hilbert expectation in ψ equals the diagonal expectation of its eigenvalues in the transported state φ = Uᴴ ψ (U = eigenvectorUnitary).

          theorem CSD.LF4.transport_norm {M : } (A : Matrix (Fin (M + 1)) (Fin (M + 1)) ) (hA : A.IsHermitian) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : ψ = 1) :

          The spectral-unitary transport preserves the norm: ‖Uᴴ ψ‖ = ‖ψ‖.

          theorem CSD.LF4.hermitian_observable_correspondence {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (A : Matrix (Fin (M + 1)) (Fin (M + 1)) ) (hA : A.IsHermitian) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : ψ = 1) (φ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : φ = (Matrix.toEuclideanLin (star hA.eigenvectorUnitary)) ψ) (hφ0 : φ 0) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) φ ^ 2) :
          inner ψ ((Matrix.toEuclideanLin A) ψ) = (∑ k : Fin (M + 1), hA.eigenvalues k * ((Matrix.UnitaryGroup.fubiniStudyMeasure p₀) (bornRegionN φ hφ0 k)).toReal)

          §14 observable correspondence for a general (self-adjoint) observable, general N. For a Hermitian matrix A, the Hilbert expectation ⟨ψ, A ψ⟩ equals the eigenvalue-weighted sum of the Fubini–Study volumes of the ontic Born regions of the transported state φ = Uᴴ ψ (U = eigenvectorUnitary): ⟨ψ, A ψ⟩ = ∑ₖ (eigenvalues k) · vol(bornRegionN φ k). The unitary covariance is exactly the state transport ψ ↦ Uᴴ ψ; the genericity hpos is on φ (i.e. ψ has nonzero overlap with every eigenvector of A). Foundational triple.

          theorem CSD.LF4.hermitian_observable_correspondence_integral {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (A : Matrix (Fin (M + 1)) (Fin (M + 1)) ) (hA : A.IsHermitian) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : ψ = 1) (φ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : φ = (Matrix.toEuclideanLin (star hA.eigenvectorUnitary)) ψ) (hφ0 : φ 0) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) φ ^ 2) :

          §14, general self-adjoint observable, integral form. ⟨ψ, A ψ⟩ = ∫ A_ontic dμ_FS, with A_ontic = aOntic φ (eigenvalues) the ontic observable of the transported state φ = Uᴴ ψ.

          §14 states obligation: pure states / rank-one projectors as ontic volumes #

          Unitary inner-adjoint. ⟨W x, y⟩ = ⟨x, Wᴴ y⟩ for a unitary W (matrix action).

          theorem CSD.LF4.unitary_transport_norm {M : } (W : (Matrix.unitaryGroup (Fin (M + 1)) )) (ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : ψ = 1) :

          The transport Wᴴ ψ preserves the norm: ‖Wᴴ ψ‖ = ‖ψ‖.

          theorem CSD.LF4.pure_state_born_prob_eq_volume {M : } (p₀ : CPN (M + 1)) (Φ ψ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : ψ = 1) (W : (Matrix.unitaryGroup (Fin (M + 1)) )) (hW : (Matrix.toEuclideanLin W) (EuclideanSpace.single 0 1) = Φ) (φ : EuclideanSpace (Fin (M + 1))) ( : φ = (Matrix.toEuclideanLin (star W)) ψ) (hφ0 : φ 0) (hpos : ∀ (j : Fin (M + 1)), 0 < inner (EuclideanSpace.single j 1) φ ^ 2) :

          §14 states obligation — the pure-state / rank-one-projector case. The Born probability ‖⟨Φ, ψ⟩‖² of the pure outcome |Φ⟩ (equivalently the expectation of the rank-one projector |Φ⟩⟨Φ| in ψ) is realised as a single ontic Fubini–Study volume: the volume of the Born region (index 0) of the state φ = Wᴴ ψ transported by any unitary W sending e₀ ↦ Φ. Genericity hpos is on φ. This realises pure states / rank-one projectors as ontic objects — the §14 states content underlying the resource bundles (Bell-state projectors, teleportation input state). Foundational triple.